#american thoracic society 2017

[healthcare-fitness-fashion]

Lung Cancer: Early Signs, Symptoms, Stages

Cellular Deterioration in Pulmonary Tissues: The Dominant Precursor of Lethal Diseases

Cellular degradation within the pulmonary organs has emerged as the primary adversary confronting individuals afflicted by invasive neoplastic conditions, impacting not only spouses, acquaintances, and neighbors but also inflicting distress upon countless families. In the US, lung malignancies overwhelmed bosom carcinomas as the preeminent supporter of disease-related mortalities in ladies as soon as 1987. Cellular breakdown in the lungs losses comprise a fourth of all disease-related passings in America, outperforming the joined death paces of prostate, bosom, and colon malignancies. In 2017, almost 160,000 Americans capitulated to a cellular breakdown in the lungs.

Triggers of Pulmonary Carcinoma

The precise etiology of pulmonary carcinoma remains under meticulous scrutiny. Several risk elements have been identified as pivotal factors in the genesis of malignant cellular growths. Risk determinants encompass tobacco consumption, exposure to atmospheric contamination, and hereditary factors.

Does Tobacco Consumption Instigate Pulmonary Carcinoma?

The primary catalyst for pulmonary carcinoma in Homo sapiens is the utilization of tobacco products. In 1876, an apparatus was devised to mass-produce cylindrical tobacco sticks, rendering tobacco commodities economically accessible to virtually all segments of society. Prior to this innovation, pulmonary carcinoma was a relatively infrequent occurrence. Subsequent to the proliferation of mass-produced cigarettes, tobacco consumption witnessed a steep ascent, coinciding with a parallel surge in the incidence of pulmonary carcinoma. Presently, roughly 90% of all instances of pulmonary carcinoma are inextricably linked to tobacco usage. Radon gas, environmental pollutants, noxious agents, and various other factors contribute to the residual 10%.

Cigarettes and tobacco smoke encompass an excess of 70 carcinogenic compounds. Some of the carcinogenic constituents detected within tobacco smoke comprise:

Lead (an exceptionally toxic metallic element)

Arsenic (a potent insecticidal compound)

Cadmium (a constituent of batteries)

Isoprene (employed in the production of synthetic rubber)

Benzene (an adjunct in fuel formulations)

Cigar smoke abounds in tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), recognized for their particularly malign properties.

Pulmonary Carcinoma and Cilia

Tobacco smoke impairs and, on occasion, eradicates ciliated projections on respiratory tract epithelial cells, designated as cilia. Cilia conventionally function to evacuate toxic substances, carcinogens, viral agents, and bacterial pathogens. In situations where smoke disrupts or eradicates cilia, these deleterious substances may amass within the pulmonary tissues, potentially precipitating infections and pulmonary carcinoma.

Indications of Pulmonary Carcinoma

Regrettably, pulmonary carcinomas frequently remain asymptomatic during their initial stages or present with obscure clinical manifestations that individuals are apt to disregard. Approximately 25% of individuals afflicted by pulmonary carcinomas devoid of clinical indications receive a diagnosis subsequent to undergoing a thoracic radiograph or computed tomography (CT) scan during a routine medical assessment or investigative procedures. Clinical indications of pulmonary carcinoma that might manifest comprise:

Persistent, recurrent paroxysms of coughing

Lethargy

Unexplained corporeal mass reduction

Breathlessness or paroxysms of wheezing

Expectoration of hemoptoic mucus

Thoracic discomfort

Three Conventional Approaches for Screening Pulmonary Carcinoma

Pulmonary carcinoma screening typically entails the deployment of three modalities.

Physiological Appraisal

A physiological appraisal is conducted to discern signs of paroxysms of wheezing, breathlessness, coughing, discomfort, and other conceivable indicators of pulmonary carcinoma. The extent to which the carcinoma has progressed determines additional early indicators, encompassing anhidrosis, engorged cervical veins, facial edema, conspicuously constricted pupils, and other diagnostic cues. The physiological appraisal also encompasses a detailed review of the patient's tobacco consumption history, in conjunction with a thoracic radiograph.

Sputum Cytology Assessment

A sputum cytology assessment entails the microscopic examination of the patient's expectorated mucus (sputum).

Spiral Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging

This CT imaging methodology assembles an intricate portrait of the internal anatomical components of the patient's physique. Within a spiral CT apparatus, intricate images are captured of the principal constituents of the patient's corporeal structure. These images are subsequently correlated with an X-ray device to craft three-dimensional representations of the patient's inner bodily organs. These illustrations may potentially unveil neoplastic growths.

A logical report set that people between the ages of 55 and 74, who have supported everyday utilization of something like one bunch of cigarettes for at least 30 years, may get benefits from a winding CT output of the pneumonic organs.

Finding of Pneumonic Carcinoma

Should the outcomes of the screening examinations intimate the presence of pulmonary carcinoma in an individual, conclusive diagnostic tests may be executed by a pathologist. The pathologist will scrutinize pulmonary cellular entities obtained from the patient's expectorated mucus, sputum, or extracted via a biopsy procedure, for the purposes of classifying and staging the pulmonary carcinoma.

Pulmonary Carcinoma Biopsy

As previously elucidated, the most efficacious approach for definitively diagnosing pulmonary carcinoma typically involves procuring a biological tissue specimen from the site of the suspected carcinoma. In most instances, pulmonary biopsies are obtained by means of a needle biopsy, bronchoscopic biopsy of the pulmonary organs, or via surgical excision of corporeal tissue. Various supplementary diagnostic assessments may be administered to accrue supplemental insights into the extent of the ailment's dissemination.

For further information concerning the categories of pulmonary carcinoma and the staging of pulmonary carcinoma, including stage IV pulmonary carcinoma, please refer to the subsequent segments.

Varieties of Pulmonary Carcinoma

Aspiratory carcinomas can be arranged into simply two essential groupings: little cell pneumonic carcinoma and non-little cell pneumonic carcinoma. Under 5% of pneumonic carcinomas will appear as a carcinoid neoplasm, while other abnormal malignancies include adenoid cystic carcinomas, lymphomas, and sarcomas. Significantly, occurrences of neoplastic arrangements beginning somewhere else inside the body and penetrating the pneumonic organs are not delegated aspiratory carcinomas.

Non-Small Cell Pulmonary Carcinoma

Non-small cell pulmonary carcinomas represent the most prevalent variant of pulmonary carcinoma. These malignancies account for roughly 90% of all pulmonary carcinomas and exhibit a relatively indolent course in comparison to small cell pulmonary carcinomas, signifying a more protracted progression to metastatic dissemination.

Small Cell Pulmonary Carcinoma

Small cell pulmonary carcinoma, colloquially known as oat cell pulmonary carcinoma, encompasses nearly 10% of all pulmonary carcinomas. This specific neoplastic form tends to disseminate with rapidity.

Stages of Pulmonary Carcinoma: 0-4

Subsequent to the determination of the specific subtype of pulmonary carcinoma, the condition is further stratified in terms of its pulmonary carcinoma staging. The staging system provides insights into the extent of neoplastic dissemination throughout the bodily structure, including its metastasis to lymph nodes or remote organ systems such as the cerebral cortex. Distinctions exist between the staging criteria for non-small cell pulmonary carcinomas and small cell pulmonary carcinomas. The ensuing stage classifications are extrapolated from the National Cancer Institute's documentation on pulmonary carcinoma staging; alternative staging methodologies may exhibit variations in categorization, such as the American Cancer Society's TNM classification scheme:

Small Cell Pulmonary Carcinoma Stages

Limited Stage: This stage designates small cell pulmonary carcinoma that remains confined to one hemisphere of the thoracic cavity, typically involving the pulmonary tissues and adjacent lymphatic structures. Approximately one-third of individuals diagnosed with small cell pulmonary carcinoma initially present with limited stage malignancies.

Extensive Stage: This pertains to small cell pulmonary carcinoma that has disseminated beyond the confines of a single pulmonary lobe, affecting either both pulmonary lobes, lymph nodes situated contralateral to the thoracic cavity, or extrapulmonary locations. Approximately two-thirds of individuals diagnosed with small cell pulmonary carcinoma initially present with extensive stage malignancies.

Non-Small Cell Pulmonary Carcinoma Stages

Occult (Hidden) Stage: In this phase, neoplastic cells are discernible in sputum cytology tests or alternative diagnostic procedures, albeit without an ascertained origin of the neoplastic process.

Stage 0 (Carcinoma in situ): This pulmonary carcinoma stage confines the presence of neoplastic cells to the superficial strata of the respiratory tract's mucosal lining, without penetration into deeper pulmonary tissues or extrapulmonary dissemination.

Stage I: Characterized by the detection of minute pulmonary neoplasms (measuring under 3 centimeters in diameter) that have not yet infiltrated adjacent pulmonary parenchyma, lymph nodes, or the principal bronchial segments of the pulmonary organs.

Stage II: Stage II pulmonary carcinoma can be diagnosed through various modalities. One plausible scenario is the infiltration of lymph nodes in proximity to the pulmonary organs.

Stage IIA: Neoplastic tumors measuring between 3 and 5 centimeters in diameter are categorized as Stage IIA, with additional criteria potentially contributing to this designation.

Stage IIB: Tumors within the range of 5 to 7 centimeters in diameter are classified as Stage IIB pulmonary carcinoma. Supplementary considerations may factor into this classification.

Stage III: Analogous to Stage II pulmonary carcinoma, Stage III comprises multiple interpretive frameworks. One elucidation denotes the coexistence of pulmonary neoplasia within the pulmonary organs and lymph nodes situated within the thoracic cavity. Stage III pulmonary carcinoma is further subdivided into two distinct subsets.

Stage IIIA: This category defines pulmonary carcinoma that has propagated to the ipsilateral thoracic cavity.

Stage IIIB: This classification characterizes pulmonary carcinoma whereby the affliction has extended to either the contralateral thoracic cavity or cranial to the clavicle.

Stage IV: This constitutes the terminal phase of pulmonary carcinoma. Neoplastic formations may exhibit varying dimensions, but two out of three of the ensuing criteria must be met:

Dissemination of the carcinoma to the contralateral pulmonary lobe of origin.

Identification of neoplastic cells within the serous fluid surrounding the pulmonary organs.

Neoplastic cellular presence within the serous fluid encapsulating the cardiac organ.

Deciphering Lung Cancer Survival Probabilities and Therapeutic Alternatives

Lung malignancy emerges as an imposing adversary, adept at concealing itself during its initial phases and presenting dismal prospects for those entrenched in its advanced stages. The metrics for survival exhibit fluctuations contingent upon the specific cancer subtype. According to statistics disseminated by the American Cancer Society, the five-year survival quotient for non-small cell lung carcinoma hovers around 24% across all phases. In stark contrast, small cell lung carcinoma regrettably plummets to an abysmal 6%. It is, however, noteworthy that these figures are susceptible to substantial augmentation when the ailment is identified and treated within the confines of its localized or regional confines, with distant-stage lung cancer manifesting as the most adverse scenario.

Surgical Interventions for Lung Cancer

In instances of rudimentary-stage (stage 0 or certain stage I) non-small cell lung carcinoma, surgical recourse proffers itself as a viable therapeutic modality. This procedural maneuver entails the excision of a segment or, in some instances, the entirety of the lung locus harboring the malignancy, occasionally culminating in a comprehensive remission. Nevertheless, it is imperative to acknowledge that a considerable cohort of patients still necessitates chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a composite amalgamation thereof, aimed at eliminating any residual cancerous entities that may have eluded the surgical intervention. Regrettably, small cell lung carcinomas are rarely apprehended during their incipient phases, which invariably relegates both surgical procedures and ancillary treatment modalities to predominantly palliative roles, extending only a limited prospect of potential cure.

Cutting-edge Lung Cancer Remedial Approaches

The conventional armamentarium for addressing both small cell and non-small cell lung carcinomas frequently encompasses chemotherapy and, in select circumstances, radiation therapy and surgical interventions. Numerous patients grappling with the complexities of advanced-stage maladies receive a synergistic orchestration of these interventions, meticulously tailored to their specific clinical panorama and predicated upon the directives tendered by their oncological consultants.

Precision Therapeutics for Lung Cancer

Precision therapeutics are strategically poised to thwart or impede the proliferation of neoplastic cells by directing their focus towards the requisite vascularization imperative for their sustenance and proliferation. Simultaneously, alternate therapeutic modalities set their sights on sabotaging the molecular signaling cascades requisite for the multiplication and dissemination of malignant cells.

Empirical Investigations into Lung Cancer

In addition to precision therapeutics, a plethora of empirical studies and clinical assays present themselves as accessible avenues for eligible individuals. Some of these investigational forays may be feasibly accessible within a localized purview, affording afflicted individuals the invaluable opportunity to engage with pioneering therapeutic approaches and protocols in the sphere of lung cancer management.

Existence Beyond the Pronouncement of a Lung Cancer Diagnosis

The reception of a lung cancer diagnosis invariably evokes an inundation of emotions, chief among them being a palpable sense of being overwhelmed and despondency. Nonetheless, a ray of optimism emanates from the crucible of ongoing scientific research, kindling the flame of hope for survival and an elongated lifespan, contingent upon the judicious pursuit of apt therapeutic interventions. Accumulated scientific evidence underscores the superior prognosis accorded to individuals who elect to embrace a salubrious lifestyle and embark upon the path of smoking cessation, vis-à-vis their counterparts who eschew such transformative measures.

Lung Cancer and Passive Smoking

It is salient to underscore that tobacco smokers do not only imperil their individual health but also imperil the well-being of non-smokers inhabiting their immediate sphere, which includes spouses, offspring, and significant others. Exposure to secondhand smoke in the ambient environment confers a daunting 20% to 30% augmented susceptibility to the onset of lung cancer in these non-smoking individuals.

Occupational Exposure and Lung Cancer

While it remains an incontrovertible verity that smoking is the predominant etiological agent precipitating lung carcinoma, it is pertinent to acknowledge that a heterogeneous compendium of chemicals and compounds also transposes an elevated risk quotient. Agents such as asbestos, uranium, arsenic, benzene, and sundry others significantly amplify the proclivity for the development of lung cancer. Notably, exposure to asbestos, for instance, may instigate lung malignancy, manifesting as mesothelioma, numerous decades post-initial contact, thereby perpetuating the specter of lung infirmity over protracted time frames.

Radon Gas and Lung Cancer

Radon gas emerges as the second most formidable trigger of lung cancer. It subsists as an innate occurrence but is prone to permeating residential edifices, amassing within subterranean basements and crawl spaces. Although its qualities encompass odorlessness and chromatic neutrality, it remains susceptible to detection via simplistic and cost-effective examination kits. It is imperative to recognize that smokers who confront this insidious gas hazard an augmented proclivity for the incipience of lung cancer, contrasted with their non-smoking counterparts.

Atmospheric Contamination and Lung Cancer

Certain pundits in the scientific community postulate the connotation between atmospheric contamination and the genesis of lung carcinoma. Multiple investigations tender a repository of data proffering cogent substantiation for the inference that atmospheric pollutants, including diesel exhaust, may substantially contribute to the genesis of lung cancer in select individuals. Conservative estimates from researchers posit that approximately 5% of lung cancer incidents can be imputed to the pernicious influence of atmospheric pollution.

Supplementary Risk Factors for Lung Cancer

Despite the proliferation of insights into the intricacies of lung cancer, myriad complexities and scenarios remain enshrouded in the mists of obscurity. An exemplary conundrum resides in the enigmatic proclivity for certain families to manifest a lineage characterized by the scourge of lung cancer, notwithstanding the absence of apparent precipitating risk factors. Analogous mysteries persist in relation to specific patients who fall victim to lung cancer in the absence of readily discernible risk factors. There exists a tentative correlation between the consumption of water exhibiting elevated arsenic concentrations and the augmentation of lung cancer vulnerability, yet the precise mechanistic underpinnings of this phenomenon remain an enigma. Analogously, the rationale behind the preponderance of adenocarcinoma incidence among non-smokers, rather than their smoking counterparts, remains elusive.

Lung Cancer Aversion

For the lion's share of lung cancer instances, preemptive strategies are attainable through the embrace of abstention from smoking and the meticulous avoidance of secondhand smoke exposure. Those who choose to relinquish their tobacco habit bear witness to a precipitous decline in their susceptibility to lung cancer, with their risk profile mirroring that of individuals who have never indulged in the act of smoking. Concurrently, the adoption of prudence with regard to other risk factors, encompassing specific chemicals and compounds such as benzene and asbestos, alongside the conscientious curtailment of atmospheric contamination exposure, affords a panoply of avenues for the prevention of lung cancer in targeted subsets of the populace.

[crossborderscare]

Max Super Speciality Hospital In Saket New Delhi

Located in the heart of south Delhi’s widely considered one of the best hospitals in the country. It has a complete spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, including several of which are First in India and Asia.

Experts at Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, have treated more than 34 lakh patients across 38 specialties, mainly Cardiac, Oncology (Medical, Surgical, and Radiotherapy), Neurosciences, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology, Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Liver Transplant, Urology, Nephrology, Kidney Transplant, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, and other ancillary services. Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, has a complete spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, including several state-of-the-art technologies in Asia and the First in India. It has received NABH & JCI accreditation for providing the highest quality of patient safety and care.

Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, offers the advantage of integrated medical care in a multidisciplinary setting provided by a faculty of highly qualified doctors, nurses, & healthcare professionals. Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, is a regional hub for complex procedures such as neurovascular intervention, targeted cancer treatments, heart surgeries, orthopedic surgeries, liver & kidney transplants, and fertility treatments.

Max hospital offers state-of-the-art facilities, a serene ambiance, and collaborative multi-disciplinary care for patients seeking surgical treatments.

It has a highly competent team of doctors performing weight loss Bariatric surgeries through surgical robots. The Team is led by Dr Atul N Peters who specializes in minimal invasive surgical procedures for reducing weight in morbidly obese patients. Dr Anant Kumar specializes in Kidney transplants using advanced robotic surgery. SCOPE OF SERVICES

Cancer Care / Oncology

Cardiac Sciences

Neuro Sciences

Liver Transplant And Biliary Sciences

Orthopedics

Nephrology

Kidney Transplant

Bone Marrow Transplant

Bariatric/Weight Loss Surgery

Minimal Access / Laparoscopic Surgery

QUALITY ACCREDITATION

In 2019, Max Super specialty Hospital received a pulmonary and critical care specialist of the year Award.

In 2017, Max Hospital Saket got accreditation from JCI

In 2009, Max Healthcare received NABH accreditation for Blood Bank

In the same year, 2009, Max Receives DL Shah National Award on Economics of quality by QCI

In 2008, Max Healthcare received Express Healthcare Award for excellence in Healthcare.

In 2007, Max Healthcare got its laboratories accredited by NABL

In 2002, Max Hospital Pitampura received ISO Certification.

Max Super specialty Saket has received FICCI Healthcare Excellence Award.

MAJOR ROBOTIC SPECIALTIES

Robotic Kidney Transplant

Robotic Cardiac surgery

Robotic General Surgery

Automatic Head and Neck Cancer Surgery

Robotic Colorectal Surgery

Robotic Gynaecological surgery

Robotic Thoracic Surgery

Robotic bladder-surgery

TOP ROBOTIC DOCTORS WORKING IN THAT HOSPITAL

DR. ATUL N. C PETERS

He is presently working as the Director at the Department of Bariatric, Minimal Access & General Surgery at Max Hospital. He has been associated with teaching and is working as a visiting faculty at various reputed colleges in India and Abroad.

He is also a member of various prestigious societies like the Obesity Surgery Society of India (OSSI) and the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endo surgeons (SIAGES), to name a few. Dr. Atul N.C also has his name registered in the LIMCA BOOK OF WORLD RECORDSfor performing sixteen Bariatric Surgeries in a day.

He has expertise in ROBOTIC BARIATRIC SURGERYand performs more than 300 cases on an annual basis. He has published various articles and research papers.

[eopederson]

”Just Breathe,” Poster for American Thoracic Society protest of the dismantling of environmental protections and radical cuts to medical research funding under Putin’s Puppet, Capitol Grounds, Washington, DC, 2017.

The society is a professional organization of physicians specializing in pulmonary issues (breathing).

[jasonjaramillomd]

Dr. Jason Jaramillo earned his doctor of medicine in 2005, and for 15 years he has been working in healthcare leadership positions. In 2017, Jason Jaramillo, MD, presented the work “Achromobacter Xylosoxidans And Enterovirus-Rhinovirus Co-Infection Causing Ards In A Patient With An Underlying Genetic Condition” at a meeting of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), held in Washington, D.C.

[bestmedicalconferenceevent-blog]

(via Get Benefited by American Thoracic Society 2017)

[myabhijitr]

Minimally Invasive Surgery Market Size Reach USD 113,866.8 Million, Boom at a 10.7 CAGR by 2028 | Abbott Laboratories, ArthroCare Corporation, Biomet

In minimally invasive surgeries, small incisions are made in the patient’s body for surgical treatment of the disease or condition, resulting in less trauma to the patient and faster recovery time. Types of minimally invasive surgery include robotic surgery and non-robotic minimally invasive surgery (endoscopic).

The size global minimally invasive surgical instrument market is estimated to be valued at US$ 50,599.8 Million in 2021 and by 2028 at a CAGR of 10.7% between 2021 and 2028 it is likely to reach a value of US$ 113,866.8 Million.

Get PDF Sample Copy (Including Full TOC, List of Tables & Figures, Chart) @ https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-sample/2526

Market: Drivers

The growing prevalence of acute disorders is likely to drive the growth of the global minimally invasive surgical instrument market in the estimated period. For example, as per the American Cancer Society, approximately 1,762,450 new cancer cases were diagnosed in the U.S. in 2019 and 606,880 will die from cancer.

Furthermore, the growing elderly population is also likely to contribute to the growth of the market. For example, as per the U.S. Census Bureau, the U.S. elderly population is likely to reach 77 million by 2034.

Lack of compensate is likely to hamper market growth. Currently, minimally invasive surgeries, like prostate cancer cryosurgery are refunded by different governments. Minimally invasive surgeries like cardiovascular, gynaecological, cosmetic and urological surgeries are not refunded by private and government insured players in different nations. Lack of compensate for these surgeries can hinder market growth.

Moreover, the high cost of minimally invasive surgery is also likely to limit market growth. For example, the Da Vinci system, costs between US$1.5 million and US$2.5 million to purchase and install, and the process costs between US$3,000 to US$8,000. Similarly, endoscopes range in price from US$30,000 to US$40,000, and process costs for the same range from US$2,000 to US$3,000.

Major players in the market focus on adopting partnership strategies to expand their product portfolio. For example, Titan Medical Inc. signed a development and licensing agreement with Medtronic PLC in June 2020 for R&D in robotic-assisted surgical technology.

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Major players in the market focus on approving and launching new products to expand their product portfolio. For example, InMode Ltd received the Health Canada certification in October 2019, for AccuTite, a minimally invasive technology that delivers RF heating.

M&A activity in the market is increasing. For example, Integra LifeSciences Holdings Corporation acquired Rebound Therapeutics, a developer of single-use medical devices that enable minimally invasive access to neurosurgery in September 2019.

Major players in the market focus on approving and launching new products to expand their product portfolio. Medtronic plc, for example, received CE mark approval in November 2018 for the Valiant Naval Thoracic Stent Graft System for the repair of blunt traumatic aortic injury, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers, and minimally invasive.

North America leads the global minimally invasive surgical instrument market in 2019, accounting for 45.0% of the value, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific, respectively.

The rising cost of public hospitals is likely to provide a lucrative growth opportunity for players in the global least invasive surgical instrument market. For example, public hospital spending increased by 3.3% between 2016-2017 and 2017-2018, as per a report updated in 2017-18 August 2019, as per a report from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Hospitals.

Furthermore, R&D in polymeric microarray patches is also likely to help the market grow. For example, researchers at the Medical Biology Center, UK, reported in May 2020 that new industrially produced microarray patches with high needle density compared the performance of cast hydrogel-forming microarray patches with microarray patches obtained using conventional moulds with low density.

[marketinsightshare]

Spinal Laminoplasty Market to Grow at a CAGR of 4.3% During the Forecast Period 2021-2026

"Increasing Prevalence of Spinal Disorder Such as Spinal Stenosis, Spinal Tumours, Spondylotic, Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Geriatric Population Are the Major Factors Driving the Growth of the Market."

Spinal Laminoplasty Market size in 2020 is estimated to be $5.1 Billion, growing at a CAGR of 4.3% during the forecast period 2021-2026. Spinal Laminoplasty is a spinal surgery used to reduce pressure surrounding the spinal canal and nerve structures due to its compression against the wall of spinal cord. It is a minimally invasive procedure. Spinal laminoplasty tends to create extra space in the spinal canal by opening made in the vertebral lamina region for easy movement of the spinal cord. Increasing prevalence of spinal disorder such as spinal stenosis, spina bifida, spinal tumours, spondylotic, rheumatoid arthritis, and catastrophic kyphosis in the geriatric population are the major factors driving the growth of the market. Moreover, growing technological advancement in spine surgery coupled with rising adoption of minimally invasive spine surgeries further enhance the overall market demand for Spinal Laminoplasty during the aforesaid period.

Spinal Laminoplasty Market Segment Analysis - By Technology

Based on the Technology, Spinal Laminoplasty Market is segmented into Spine fusion, Spine Biologics, Decompression, and Motion Preservation. The spinal fusion segment is estimated to dominate the market during the period 2021-2026. This is attributed to rising number of spinal fusion surgeries worldwide coupled with rising advancement in spinal fusion techniques. The motion preservation segment is forecast to be the fastest-growing segment and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 3.8% during the period 2021-2026. This is mainly owing to its shorter recovery and rehabilitation process coupled with better spine movement and flexibility traction.

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Report Price: $ 4500 (Single User License)

Spinal Laminoplasty Market Segment Analysis - By Vertebral Position

Based on the Vertebral Position, Spinal Laminoplasty Market is segmented into Cervical Laminoplasty, Thoracic Laminoplasty, Lumbar Laminoplasty, Sacral Laminoplasty. In 2020, Cervical Laminoplasty is estimated to hold major share in the market. This is mainly owing to laminoplasty usage. Moreover, rising cases of spine disorder such as cervical spondylotic myelopathy, and catastrophic kyphosis resulting in neck, or arm pain are also contributing to the dominance of this segment. Also, Lumbar laminoplasty is projected to grow with a CAGR of 4.1% over the period 2021-2026. This is owing to its effectiveness and increasing adoption.

Spinal Laminoplasty Market Segment Analysis - By Geography

North America dominated the Spinal Laminoplasty market share accounting for 40% of the market in 2020. This is mainly owing to rising incidence of spine stenosis among the people across the countries such as U.S., Canada and others which contributes to increase in adoption of spinal laminoplasty. According to, North American Spine Society, spine stenosis is most commonly disorder in the U.S. However, the Asia-Pacific region is projected to be the fastest-growing over the period 2021-2026. This is owing to improving healthcare infrastructure coupled with rising advancement in spine surgery technology.

Spinal Laminoplasty Market Drivers

Increasing Prevalence of Spine Disorder

Increasing prevalence of spine disorder such as spine stenosis, spondylotic, rheumatoid arthritis in the geriatric population is driving the growth of Spinal Laminoplasty market. According to Australian Bureau of statistics 2017-18 National Health, approximately 16% of the population are suffering from back pain problem which accounts for 4 million people in Australia. Moreover, rising number of spine surgeries in outpatient settings is also leading to the market growth.

Rising Technological Advancement

Increase in research and development of advanced technology for spine surgery is also driving the market. Advanced technologies such as computer-assisted image-guided technology offer improved spinal surgery and are much more effective. Also, the increasing adoption of minimally invasive technology for spine surgery is also set to the growth of Spinal Laminoplasty Market.

Download Sample Report @ https://www.industryarc.com/pdfdownload.php?id=17293

Spinal Laminoplasty Market Challenges

High capital expenditure required for these procedure owing to usage of advance technology for improved spine surgery is challenging the market. Along with this, the uncertainties of reimbursement are also further challenging the growth of the market.

Covid-19 Impact

Moreover, the outbreak of COVID-19 around the world has impacted all industries including healthcare industry. Covid- 19 affects the spinal laminoplasty market including drastic reduction in emergency surgical procedures and also overall admission to the Emergency department (ED). Also owing to widespread of coronavirus, it affects workforce and staffing issues, procedural prioritisation as well as impact of spine laminoplasty. This affects Spinal Laminoplasty market by cancellation of scheduled surgery and shift of surgeons to the other area.

Spinal Laminoplasty Industry Outlook

Product launches, Merger & Acquisitions, joint ventures and R&D activities are key strategies adopted by players in the Spinal Laminoplasty Market. Spinal Laminoplasty top 10 companies are DePuy Synthes, Zimmer Spine, Medtronic, Pioneer Surgical Technologies, Cryo Life, Synthes Spine, Replication Medical, Arthro Kinetics, NuVasive and Pioneer Surgical Technologies

Acquisitions/Product Launches:

In January 2020, Medtronic acquired Illinois based company Stimgenics, LLC, that has pioneered a novel spinal cord stimulation (SCS) waveform known as Differential Target Multiplexed (DTM) Spinal Cord Stimulation. This acquisition will help Medtronic to enhance customer experience.

In November 2019, NuVasive, Inc., launched its new C360 cervical spine portfolio, as well as Anterior Cervical Plating (ACP) system. These products are designed to improve the quality of care for spine area.

Key Takeaways

In 2020, North America dominates the Spinal Laminoplasty Market owing to rising awareness about spinal laminoplasty among patients.

Increasing developments in healthcare infrastructure across the globe is driving the market growth of Spinal Laminoplasty.

Detailed analysis of the Strength, Weakness, and opportunities of the prominent players operating in the market will be provided in the Spinal Laminoplasty Market report.

High cost of spinal surgery and uncertainties surrounding reimbursement are challenging the growth of the market.

Related Reports :

A. Spinal Implants And Surgical Devices Market

https://www.industryarc.com/Research/Spinal-Implants-And-Surgical-Devices-Market-Research-501256

B. Spinal Fusion Devices Market

https://www.industryarc.com/Research/Spinal-Fusion-Devices-Market-Research-501943

For more Lifesciences and Healthcare Market reports, Please click here

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[dr-hartmuth-bittner]

CTSNet Membership and Benefits

Dr. Hartmuth Bittner is the MD of Cardiac Surgery Associates S.C. in Lafayette, Indiana. He has a Ph.D. from the National Academy of Sports. In 2017, Dr. Hartmuth Bittner was awarded the Best in Medicine in CT Surgery by the American Health Council. He is also a CTSNet member. CTSNet membership is open to all cardiothoracic surgeons, including trainees. The online community also extends associate membership to professionals in a related field. Those eligible to join as associates include cardiologists, anesthesiologists, nurses, physician assistants, data managers. The mission is to bring the global cardiothoracic community together. Some of the most heavily trafficked CTSNet sites are the Career Center, the Surgical Videos Section, and the Techniques Section. CTSNet.org is a heavily trafficked, reliable, and comprehensive source of information centering around cardiothoracic surgery. It’s also the largest online community of cardiothoracic surgeons. The site is jointly managed by the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and the American Association for Thoracic Surgery.

[bloghealthcom]

Nuốt pin ở trẻ em – Những điều nên biết Update 07/2021

Bài viết Nuốt pin ở trẻ em – Những điều nên biết Update 07/2021 được chia sẻ bởi website Blog-Health #bloghealth #suckhoe #lamdep #sinhly

Bài viết của Bác sĩ Lê Văn Quảng - Bác sĩ Tai - Mũi - Họng - Khoa Ngoại tổng hợp - Bệnh viện Đa khoa Quốc t�� Vinmec Nha Trang

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Bé nuốt pin nếu không được xử lý kịp thời sẽ đe doạ đến tính mạng. Thậm chí nhiều phương pháp truyền miệng lấy pin bị mắc kẹt trong cơ thể của trẻ không những không có tác dụng mà ngược lại khiến tình trạng trở nên trầm trọng hơn. Những thông tin trong bài viết dưới đây sẽ có ích cho bạn khi xử lý tình huống trẻ con nuốt pin.

1. Tổng quan trẻ con nuốt pin

Trong thời đại ngày nay, việc sử dụng rộng rãi và đa dạng các thiết bị điện tử phổ biến dùng pin cũng đồng thời làm tăng nguy cơ xảy ra sự cố nuốt pin ở trẻ nhỏ. Đặc biệt là các loại pin nhỏ, hình dẹt, hay hình cúc áo. Việc quản lý, đánh giá và xử trí các tình huống này ngay từ ban đầu là hết sức thiết yếu trước khi có được những can thiệp y tế chuyên sâu.

Một điều may mắn là hầu hết (khoảng 97% các trường hợp) thường chỉ có triệu chứng nhẹ hoặc hầu hết là không cần phải can thiệp y tế.

Hầu hết pin đi qua đường tiêu hóa mà không xảy ra sự cố gì. Thông thường, chỉ khi cục pin bị mắc kẹt trong vòm họng, hầu họng, khí quản, thực quản hoặc đường tiêu hóa sẽ dẫn đến tổn thương cục bộ gây loét, thủng hoặc hình thành lỗ rò. Tổn thương có thể là cấp tính hay muộn, và các di chứng lâu dài có thể xảy ra vài ngày đến vài tuần sau đó.

Hầu hết, các trường hợp nuốt pin xảy ra ở trẻ dưới 6 tuổi. Một đối tượng thường gặp nữa là người già hơn 60 tuổi, đặc biệt là những bệnh nhân mắc chứng sa sút trí tuệ...

2. Cơ chế tổn thương trẻ nuốt pin

Một số cơ chế gây tổn thương được đưa ra bao gồm hoại tử mô do chèn ép tại chỗ, ăn mòn do rò rỉ chất liệu trong pin, nhiễm độc kim loại nặng và phóng điện trực tiếp.

Khi pin dẹt được đặt trong môi trường axit như trong đường tiêu hóa, một phản ứng điện hóa xảy ra dẫn đến sự hòa tan của cực âm. Quá trình này tạo ra một dòng điện, dẫn đến sự điện phân và hoại tử hóa lỏng.

Pin đĩa mắc kẹt trong dạ dày, ăn mòn và phân mảnh. Sự ăn mòn và phân mảnh xảy trong dạ dày hơn 48 giờ. Khoảng 3% pin đĩa bị phân mảnh trong đường tiêu hóa, và 10% cho thấy các ảnh hưởng nặng nề hơn tại các vị trí nếp gấp niêm mạc dạ dày.

Các tổn thương và di chứng nghiêm trọng thường do pin tắc nghẽn tại thực quản, hầu họng. Pin lithium thường gây tổn thương nặng nề hơn do điện dung của pin cao, gây tổn thương mô nhiều hơn.

Trẻ nuốt pin có thể bị tổn thương tại thực quản và hầu họng

3. Hướng dẫn xử trí căn bản trong trường hợp nghi ngờ nuốt pin

Trường hợp trẻ nuốt pin, ba mẹ tuyệt đối không kích thích gây nôn như móc họng, cho uống các thuốc gây nôn... Đồng thời, phụ huynh có thể cho uống mật ong ngay lập tức và trên đường đến bệnh viện trong trường hợp trẻ >12 tháng tuổi trở lên (vì mật ong không an toàn cho trẻ dưới một tuổi). Pin được nuốt trong vòng 12 giờ trước (vì nguy cơ thủng thực quản đã tăng lên sau 12 giờ).

3.1. Cách sử dụng mật ong

Uống 10ml (2 thìa cà phê) mật ong, cứ 10 phút/lần, tối đa là 6 liều.

Có thể sử dụng đa dạng các loại mật ong khác nhau, như mật ong thương mại hay mật ong tự nhiên

Lưu ý: Mật ong KHÔNG thay thế việc lấy ngay cục pin bị mắc kẹt trong thực quản. Mật ong chỉ giúp làm chậm sự phát triển của tổn thương pin đến cơ thể.

3.2. Tại sao phải cho mật ong?

Mật ong được sử dụng để bao bọc pin và ngăn chặn sự tạo ra hydroxit cục bộ. Do đó làm chậm quá trình bỏng kiềm đối với các mô lân cận. Hiệu quả dựa trên một nghiên cứu năm 2018 (Anfang và cộng sự) đánh giá tác dụng bảo vệ trong phòng nghiệm và thực nghiệm của các chất lỏng khác nhau trong thực quản của mật ong và sucralfate (Carafate®). Cả mật ong và sucralfate (Carafate®) đều ngăn ngừa hiệu quả sự gia tăng pH do pin gây ra và giảm độ sâu của tổn thương thực quản.

Ngoài việc cho mật ong, bạn KHÔNG cho bệnh nhân ăn gì cho đến khi chụp X-quang nhằm loại bỏ dị vật thực quản. Nếu bệnh nhân không có triệu chứng, hãy dành 5 phút để kiểm tra chi tiết loại pin, kích thước, mã/loại của nhà sản xuất, nhằm xác định chính xác nhất có thể thông tin cụ thể của viên pin.

Mật ong được sử dụng giúp giảm tổn thương thực quản do trẻ nuốt pin gây ra

Nếu bệnh nhân dưới 12 tuổi, cố chụp X-quang ngay lập tức để xác định vị trí của pin. Pin nằm trong thực quản có thể gây bỏng nghiêm trọng trong vòng ít nhất là 2 giờ. Bệnh nhân có pin trong thực quản ban đầu có thể không có triệu chứng, nhưng sau đó có thể gây ra thương tích nghiêm trọng hoặc tử vong, đặc biệt là ở trẻ em dưới 1 tuổi.Nếu bệnh nhân> 12 tuổi và đường kính pin> 12 mm hoặc không rõ, hãy chụp X-quang ngay lập tức để xác định vị trí của pin.Nếu bệnh nhân> 12 tuổi và viên pin có kích thước ≤ 12 mm, không cần chụp X-quang để xác định vị trí pin nếu đáp ứng tất cả các điều kiện sau:

Bệnh nhân hoàn toàn không có triệu chứng kể từ khi uống pin.

Chỉ nuốt 1 viên pin

Không nuốt/ăn các vật liệu từ tính kèm theo

Pin đã được xác định một cách đáng tin cậy dựa trên mã nhà sản xuất hoặc phép đo của một ô giống hệt nhau và đường kính <12 mm.

Không có tiền sử phẫu thuật thực quản trước đó, hẹp / chít hẹp thực quản, rối loạn nhu động hoặc bệnh thực quản khác.

Bệnh nhân (hoặc người chăm sóc) đáng tin cậy, có năng lực về mặt tinh thần và đồng ý báo cáo các triệu chứng phát triển trước khi sử dụng pin hoặc trong tháng tiếp theo nếu quá trình chuyển hóa không được ghi lại và hiểu tầm quan trọng của việc nhanh chóng tìm kiếm đánh giá các triệu chứng có thể liên quan đến việc uống pin.

Ba mẹ không nên sử dụng thuốc nhuận tràng khi bé nuốt pin vì không hiệu quả hoặc dung dịch điện phân polyethylene glycol vì hiệu quả chưa được chứng minh và không biết dung dịch có tăng cường điện phân hay không.

Để được tư vấn trực tiếp, Quý Khách vui lòng bấm số HOTLINE hoặc đăng ký lịch trực tuyến TẠI ĐÂY. Tải ứng dụng độc quyền MyVinmec để đặt lịch nhanh hơn, theo dõi lịch tiện lợi hơn!

Tài liệu tham khảo

Jatana K, Litovitz T, Reilly J, et al. Pediatric button battery injuries: 2013 task force update. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:1392–1399.

Ruhl D, Cable B, Rieth K. Emergent treatment of button batteries in the esophagus: evolution of management and need for close second-look esophagoscopy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2014; 123:206. 3. Gohil G, et al. Accidental button battery ingestion presenting as croup. Laryngol Otol 2014; 128:292–295.

Jump C, Anupindi S, Peranteau W, et al. Extensive thoracic injury from button battery ingestion. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62:e24.

Simonin M, D’Agostino I, Lebreton M, et al. Bilateral vocal palsy following coin cell lithium battery ingestion: a case report and review. Eur J Pediatrics 2013; 172:991–993.

Litovitz T, Whitaker N, Clark L, et al. Emerging battery-ingestion hazard: clinical implications. Pediatrics 2010; 125:1168–1177.

&& National Capital Poison Center. Button battery ingestion statistics from National Poison Data System. https://ift.tt/2TVkL5Z [Accessed 15 June 2017]. The trending of epidemiologic data is invaluable in evaluating the impact and dangers of battery ingestion on a national level.

& Kramer R, Lerner D, Lin T, et al. Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: a clinical report of the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee’ North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Endoscopy Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 60:562–574. The study represents a consensus guideline from experts in the field of endoscopy to aid in the management of patients with battery ingestions.

Litovitz T, Whitaker N, Clark L. Preventing battery ingestions: an analysis of 8648 cases. Pediatrics 2010; 125:1178–1183.

&& Jatana K, Rhoades K, Milkovich S, et al. Basic mechanism of button battery ingestion injuries and novel mitigation strategies after diagnosis and removal. Laryngoscope 2017; 127:1276–1282. This recent animal study identifies the exact mechanism of mucosal injury and proposes mitigation efforts that may be employed in the future.

Lisi, G., Illiceto, M., Romeo, E., Lauriti, G., Faraci, S., Lombardi, G., Dall'Oglio, L. and Chiesa, P., 2018. Esophageal Retained Lithium Battery in Children Younger than 6 Years. Pediatric Emergency Care, Publish Ahead of Print.

Sheikh A. Button battery ingestions in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1993 Aug;9(4):224-9.

source https://blog-health.com/nuot-pin-o-tre-em-nhung-dieu-nen-biet/

[market-research-future]

Coronary Stents Market Analysis, Development Trend and Investment Feasibility | Forecast to 2027

Coronary Stents Market Regional Summary

America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and The Middle East & Africa are the major regions observed for the global coronary stents market.

The American region is the current market leader and will maintain its lead during the survey period with The North American region, the major shareholder. Rising patient counts, demands for the latest medical treatments, presence of key players, well-established healthcare facilities, and other factors are propelling the market in this region.

The European region is the second-largest market due to increasing research & development programs, government initiatives, and other factors.

The Asia Pacific region is the next biggest market in this tally but will file the highest growth rates during the survey period due to improving healthcare structures, rise in healthcare budgets, vast population, the occurrence of heart diseases, and other factors.

The rest of the regions will file comparatively slow growth rates due to underdeveloped healthcare sector and limited disposable incomes.

Get a FREE Sample with Complete TOC By Considering the COVID-19 impact on Global Market @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/6938

Coronary Stents Market Key Players

Abbott, B. Braun Melsungen AG, Biotronik SE & Co. KG, Boston Scientific Corporation, C. R. Bard, Inc., Cook Medical, Elixir Medical Corporation, Medtronic plc, Meril Life Sciences, MicroPort Scientific Corporation, Stentys SA, and Terumo Corporation are some of the key players in the global coronary stents market.

Impact of COVID – 19 on Coronary Stents Market:

An estimated two million people get coronary artery stents every year, according to the Harvard Health School. The current outbreak of COVID – 19 has affected the coronary stents market in several ways. The business complexities arising from the current pandemic has created confusion with respect to the production of medical devices. The solution to various multifaceted uncertainties experienced by coronary stent manufacturers, hospitals, surgical centers, and organizations working in the supply chain of these medical devices are covered in the restructured research report.

Based on a longtime voluntary registry, founded by the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (GSTCVS), well-defined data of all cardiac, thoracic, and vascular surgery procedures performed in 78 German heart surgery departments during the year 2018 were analyzed. For this period, a total of 174,902 procedures were submitted to the registry, 98,707 summarized as heart surgery procedures and 942 assist device implantations were registered. The growth in the cardiac surgeries can be explained with the help of infographic below.

Coronary Stents Market Overview

The increasing occurrences of cardiac disorders are boosting the market. Coronary stents are used for the prevention of holding the walls of the vessel at defined positions, which prevents its shrinking and helps in curing the blockages in clogged arteries. Coronary stents are a part of the minimally invasive technique, which has increased its applications and preference among doctors and patients. On observing the current market trends, the global coronary stents market is expected to touch a 08 % annual growth mark during the survey period.

As technology advanced, the drug-eluting stents have taken the place of the traditional metal stents and improving the results as well. Increasing the prevalence of heart diseases globally has pushed the market for introducing cost-effective and better methods. The authorities and companies are regularly investing in the research & development programs to improve the processes, which has accelerated the market on global levels.

Growing cases of coronary artery diseases due to unhealthy lifestyles and diets has boosted the demands for coronary stents. Increasing awareness, rise in disposable incomes, and rising healthcare budgets are some of the significant factors for seamless growth in this market. The global coronary stents market has become an integral part of the healthcare structure. Still, the factors like lack of untrained personnel, struggling medical facilities, and time-to-time recall of the defective parts is hindering the market’s growth rates during the survey period.

Coronary Stents Market segments

The global coronary stents market is segmented into two parts mentioned below:

Types of products: Bare metal stents, drug-eluting stents, and bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) are the types of coronary stents.

End-Users: Hospitals, clinics, and others are the major end-users.

Coronary Stents Industry News

The global coronary stents market is growing at substantial rates but is struggling against the regular recalls of the defective devices, lack of professional handling, and other factors. The American region with the North American region as the primary shareholder will lead the global market. In contrast, the Asia Pacific region will emerge as the fastest-growing market during the survey period.

Table Of Contents:

Chapter 1. Report Prologue

Chapter 2. Market Introduction

2.1 Definition

2.2 Scope Of The Study

2.2.1 Research Objective

2.2.2 Assumptions

2.2.3 Limitations

Chapter 3. Research Methodology

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Primary Research

3.3 Secondary Research

3.4 Market Size Estimation

Chapter 4. Market Dynamics

Chapter 5. Market Factor Analysis

….TOC Continued…

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Global Coronary Stents Market Synopsis, 2018–2023

Table 2 Global Coronary Stents Market Estimates And Forecast, 2018–2023 (USD Million)

Table 3 Global Coronary Stents Market, By Product, 2018–2023 (USD Million)

Table 4 Global Coronary Stents Market, By End-User, 2018–2023 (USD Million)

Table 5 Global Coronary Stents Market, By Region, 2018–2023(USD Million)

Table 6 North America: Coronary Stents Market, By Product, 2018–2023 (USD Million)

….Continued

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Research Process

Figure 2 Segmentation For Global Coronary Stents Market

Figure 3 Segmentation Market Dynamics For Global Coronary Stents Market

Figure 4 Global Coronary Stents Market Share, By Product, 2017 (%)

Figure 5 Global Coronary Stents Market Share, By End-User, 2017 (%)

Figure 6 Global Coronary Stents Market Share, By Region, 2017 (%)

….Continued

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About Market Research Future:

At Market Research Future (MRFR), we enable our customers to unravel the complexity of various industries through our Cooked Research Report (CRR), Half-Cooked Research Reports (HCRR), Raw Research Reports (3R), Continuous-Feed Research (CFR), and Market Research & Consulting Services.

[drrachelharrison]

Rachel E. Harrison, MD, is a Top Cardiothoracic Surgeon with Baptist Medical Group in Collierville, TN

Rachel E. Harrison, MD, is a well-versed cardiothoracic surgeon who diagnoses and treats patients at Baptist Medical Group in Collierville, TN, which she joined in 2017. Furthermore, she has staff memberships at several local hospitals, including Baptist Memorial Hospital-Collierville, Baptist Memorial Hospital-DeSoto, Baptist Memorial Hospital-Golden Triangle, Baptist Memorial Hospital-Memphis, Baptist Memorial Hospital-North Mississippi, Baptist Memorial Hospital-Tipton, and Baptist Memorial Hospital for Women. As a cardiothoracic surgeon, she specializes in surgical procedures inside the thorax, which may involve the heart, lungs, esophagus, and other organs in the chest. Dr. Harrison has an impressive professional journey that spans six years. She is an expert in robotic surgical system training, fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery, the Cox-Maze IV procedure, transmyocardial revascularization, and laser lead extraction. Dr. Harrison is known for having performed the first FDA-approved Heartmate 3 LVAD implantation in the state of Tennessee. For more information about Dr. Rachel E. Harrison, please visit https://www.baptistdoctors.org/find-a-doctor/rachel-elisabeth-harrison-md.

Rachel E. Harrison, MD, attended the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and received his medical degree in 2009. Then, he served his internship (2009-2010), residency (2010-2014), and fellowship (2014-2016) at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Parkland Hospital. In addition, Dr. Harrison received board certification in cardiothoracic surgery from the American Board of Thoracic Surgery. Dr. Harrison is a member of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the Southern Thoracic Surgical Association, the Women in Thoracic Surgery, the Texas Medical Association, and the American College of Surgeons. Prior to medical school, she acquired a BS degree from Vanderbilt University in 2005. She gives back to her community by mentoring young girls of all ages, encouraging them to enter the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) fields. Dr. Harrison dedicates her spare time to her family. For more information about Dr. Rachel E. Harrison, please visit https://www.findatopdoc.com/doctor/82694354-Rachel-Harrison-Thoracic-Surgeon.

[aditi3019]

Coronary Stents Market 2020 Trends, Sales, Supply, Industry Growth, Demand, Regional Analysis by Forecast to 2023

The Global Coronary Stents Market

Coronary Stents Market Overview

The increasing occurrences of cardiac disorders are boosting the market. Coronary stents are used for the prevention of holding the walls of the vessel at defined positions, which prevents its shrinking and helps in curing the blockages in clogged arteries. Coronary stents are a part of the minimally invasive technique, which has increased its applications and preference among doctors and patients. On observing the current market trends, the global coronary stents market is expected to touch a 08 % annual growth mark during the survey period.

As technology advanced, the drug-eluting stents have taken the place of the traditional metal stents and improving the results as well. Increasing the prevalence of heart diseases globally has pushed the market for introducing cost-effective and better methods. The authorities and companies are regularly investing in the research & development programs to improve the processes, which has accelerated the market on global levels.

Get a FREE Sample with Complete TOC By Considering the COVID-19 impact on Global Market @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/6938

Growing cases of coronary artery diseases due to unhealthy lifestyles and diets has boosted the demands for coronary stents. Increasing awareness, rise in disposable incomes, and rising healthcare budgets are some of the significant factors for seamless growth in this market. The global coronary stents market has become an integral part of the healthcare structure. Still, the factors like lack of untrained personnel, struggling medical facilities, and time-to-time recall of the defective parts is hindering the market’s growth rates during the survey period.

Impact of COVID – 19 on Coronary Stents Market:

An estimated two million people get coronary artery stents every year, according to the Harvard Health School. The current outbreak of COVID - 19 has affected the coronary stents market in several ways. The business complexities arising from the current pandemic has created confusion with respect to the production of medical devices. The solution to various multifaceted uncertainties experienced by coronary stent manufacturers, hospitals, surgical centers, and organizations working in the supply chain of these medical devices are covered in the restructured research report.

Based on a longtime voluntary registry, founded by the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (GSTCVS), well-defined data of all cardiac, thoracic, and vascular surgery procedures performed in 78 German heart surgery departments during the year 2018 were analyzed. For this period, a total of 174,902 procedures were submitted to the registry, 98,707 summarized as heart surgery procedures and 942 assist device implantations were registered. The growth in the cardiac surgeries can be explained with the help of infographic below.

Coronary Stents Market segments

The global coronary stents market is segmented into two parts mentioned below:

Types of products: Bare metal stents, drug-eluting stents, and bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) are the types of coronary stents.

End-Users: Hospitals, clinics, and others are the major end-users.

Coronary Stents Market Regional Summary

America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and The Middle East & Africa are the major regions observed for the global coronary stents market.

The American region is the current market leader and will maintain its lead during the survey period with The North American region, the major shareholder. Rising patient counts, demands for the latest medical treatments, presence of key players, well-established healthcare facilities, and other factors are propelling the market in this region.

The European region is the second-largest market due to increasing research & development programs, government initiatives, and other factors.

The Asia Pacific region is the next biggest market in this tally but will file the highest growth rates during the survey period due to improving healthcare structures, rise in healthcare budgets, vast population, the occurrence of heart diseases, and other factors.

The rest of the regions will file comparatively slow growth rates due to underdeveloped healthcare sector and limited disposable incomes.

Coronary Stents Market Key Players

Abbott, B. Braun Melsungen AG, Biotronik SE & Co. KG, Boston Scientific Corporation, C. R. Bard, Inc., Cook Medical, Elixir Medical Corporation, Medtronic plc, Meril Life Sciences, MicroPort Scientific Corporation, Stentys SA, and Terumo Corporation are some of the key players in the global coronary stents market.

Coronary Stents Industry News

The global coronary stents market is growing at substantial rates but is struggling against the regular recalls of the defective devices, lack of professional handling, and other factors. The American region with the North American region as the primary shareholder will lead the global market. In contrast, the Asia Pacific region will emerge as the fastest-growing market during the survey period.

Table Of Contents:

Chapter 1. Report Prologue

Chapter 2. Market Introduction

2.1 Definition

2.2 Scope Of The Study

2.2.1 Research Objective

2.2.2 Assumptions

2.2.3 Limitations

Chapter 3. Research Methodology

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Primary Research

3.3 Secondary Research

3.4 Market Size Estimation

Chapter 4. Market Dynamics

Chapter 5. Market Factor Analysis

....TOC Continued...

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Global Coronary Stents Market Synopsis, 2018–2023

Table 2 Global Coronary Stents Market Estimates And Forecast, 2018–2023 (USD Million)

Table 3 Global Coronary Stents Market, By Product, 2018–2023 (USD Million)

Table 4 Global Coronary Stents Market, By End-User, 2018–2023 (USD Million)

Table 5 Global Coronary Stents Market, By Region, 2018–2023(USD Million)

Table 6 North America: Coronary Stents Market, By Product, 2018–2023 (USD Million)

....Continued

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Research Process

Figure 2 Segmentation For Global Coronary Stents Market

Figure 3 Segmentation Market Dynamics For Global Coronary Stents Market

Figure 4 Global Coronary Stents Market Share, By Product, 2017 (%)

Figure 5 Global Coronary Stents Market Share, By End-User, 2017 (%)

Figure 6 Global Coronary Stents Market Share, By Region, 2017 (%)

....Continued

Obtain Premium Research Report Details, Considering the impact of COVID-19 @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/coronary-stents-market-6938

[frankkjonestx]

What we know and don’t know about wildfire smoke’s health risks

Acrid smoke continues to pollute skies in the western United States. On some recent days, the air quality in Portland, Seattle, San Francisco and Los Angeles has been so hazardous, it’s ranked among the worst in the world. 

It’s hard to predict when the smoke will fully clear. And with some parts of the West  having faced a week or more of extremely polluted air, the unusual, sustained nature of the assault is increasing worries about people’s health.

There’s plenty of evidence that air pollution — a broad category that includes soot, smog, and other pollutants from sources such as traffic, industry and fires — can harm health. The list of medical ailments associated with exposure to dirty air includes respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease and diabetes (SN: 9/19/17).

Most of what’s known about the hazards of wildfire smoke has to do with particulate matter, the tiny bits of solids and liquids in polluted air. Wildfires are especially good at producing particles in a size range that can be dangerous to health. It isn’t clear yet if what fuels wildfire smoke — be it vegetation, a mix of trees and structures, or other human-made sources — affects the toxicity of particulate matter.

A growing body of evidence points to a range of risks to health during or soon after wildfires, such as increased trips to the emergency room for chronic lung conditions. But there are many more questions than answers about the long-term risks for people struggling to cope with day upon day of polluted air, and facing longer and fiercer fire seasons each year due to climate change (SN: 8/27/20).

Science News spoke with scientists about what’s in the air, the health risks and what more we need to learn.

What’s in wildfire smoke?

Wildfire smoke is a complex mixture of gases and particles that is similar to cigarette smoke but without the nicotine, says physician John Balmes of the University of California, San Francisco, who studies the effects of air pollution on health. “It has the same kind of mixture of nasty small particles and irritant gases.”

The precise chemical makeup of the smoke varies by fire. It depends on “the type of fuel burned — including structures, intensity of the fire, atmospheric mixing, and distance or age of smoke,” says Tania Busch Isaksen, who studies public health effects of wildfire smoke at the University of Washington in Seattle.

“Generally speaking, it’s a mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particle matter — fine to coarse — hydrocarbons and other organic compounds,” she says. “Fine particulate matter, PM2.5, is what we are primarily concerned about when we consider impacts on health” (SN: 7/30/20).

Those particles are 2.5 micrometers across or smaller, or about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair (SN: 8/22/18). Common in air pollution produced not only by wildfires, but also by power plants and cars, these particles are so tiny that they can be inhaled deeply into the lungs. There, they can trigger inflammation and possibly seep into the bloodstream.

Can you see how much PM2.5 is in the air?

No. These particles are so tiny and difficult to see that “even if the air seems clear, PM2.5 could be at levels that are dangerous,” says Perry Hystad, an environmental epidemiologist at Oregon State University in Corvallis. In the United States, the most reliable gauge of PM2.5 is the Air Quality Index, or AQI, which is based on data from air quality monitoring stations that measure the concentrations of pollutants in the air.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency developed the index to grade levels of common air pollutants, such as ozone, PM2.5  and carbon monoxide. On a scale from 0 to 500, higher numbers indicate dirtier air. The EPA assigns AQI scores to different types of pollution based on studies of each contaminant’s health effects.

The EPA considers scores up to 100 — indicating an average 35.4 micrograms of particulate matter per cubic meter of air over 24 hours  — generally safe. Scores from 101 to 200 may pose particular risk to people in sensitive groups, such as children and those with heart or lung diseases. Those people are advised to limit or avoid prolonged or vigorous outdoor activity. Above 200, everyone should cut down on physical activity outside. At scores 300 or above, with at least 250.4 micrograms of PM2.5 per cubic meter of air, everyone should avoid going outside.

Smoke blanketing the western United States has created hazardous, and at times off-the-chart, levels of pollution in many places. For instance, on the morning of September 17, areas of Oregon near Portland showed PM2.5 AQI levels up to around a hazardous 380. In regions of central California northeast of Fresno, AQI levels reached a staggering 780.

“Especially under conditions that we’re experiencing here in the western United States, it would be wise to check the AQI on a daily basis,” says Kent Pinkerton, a biologist at University of California, Davis.

Savage smoke

Satellite images reveal the shroud of smoke generated by wildfires raging in the West and wafting eastward across the United States (left). A color-coded image of the small particles and chemicals produced by the wildfires (right) indicates that some areas are cloaked in heavier pollution (red) than others.

NOAA/NASA/Worldview

What happens when people breathe in wildfire smoke?

“Wildfires, through the combustion process, create lots and lots of particles” in the size range of PM2.5, says Colleen Reid, an environmental epidemiologist and health geographer at the University of Colorado Boulder. A breath of these microscopic particles can send them all the way to the alveoli, the tiny sacs where the lungs and the blood swap oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Research in lab dishes has found that the particles can lead to inflammation and oxidative stress, in which reactive molecules that contain oxygen build up and can damage cells. The smallest pollution particles may make their way into the bloodstream, possibly causing harm to the cardiovascular system.

The research linking PM2.5 with health generally does not consider what types of materials are burning, so “at this point we are concerned about all PM2.5 regardless of source,” says Anthony Wexler, who studies particulate pollutants at the University of California, Davis. “But the source is likely important.”

Historically, wildfires have burned mostly plant matter. But many of the recent devastating fires in the western U.S., such as the Camp Fire that destroyed the town of Paradise, Calif., in 2018, have devoured human-made structures (SN: 11/15/18). “Houses have paint and solvents and plastics and all this other terrible stuff going up in smoke, too, which may be increasing the toxicity of the material that’s being emitted,” says Wexler. He is currently preparing an experiment to compare the toxicity of the smoke from burnt household materials with that from woody materials.

The impact of extended exposures to wildfire smoke also needs more research. Wildfires put a lot of pollution into the air, more than what’s generally produced from industrial and traffic sources, Reid says. But it’s often for a short period of time. “What’s going on right now in Oregon and Washington and California, where they’ve had essentially a week of very unhealthy levels of air pollution, is less common,” she says.

Recent fires in the western United States have consumed not only trees but many buildings like this one, in Butte County, Calif., which went up in flames on September 9. Some researchers are concerned that plastics and other materials in homes may make smoke more toxic.Noah Berger/Associated Press

What are the immediate health risks from wildfire smoke?

Breathing in smoky air can irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing, sore throats and itchy, watery eyes. The foul air can also cause headaches and fatigue.

Hospital visits for lung care go up during wildfires compared to periods without them, according to studies of emergency department traffic. For instance, an increase in PM2.5 exposure related to wildfires in northern California in 2008 was associated with an increase in risk for emergency department visits and hospitalizations for asthma, Reid and colleagues reported in Environmental Research in 2016. The 2012 wildfires in Colorado were linked to a rise in emergency department visits for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, according to a 2016 study in Environmental Health. There’s some evidence of increased trips to the hospital for cardiovascular health problems during wildfires as well.

Medical visits for kids go up during wildfires too. During the 2017 Lilac Fire in San Diego county, visits for respiratory problems to a children’s hospital rose due to increased exposure to PM2.5, according to a 2020 study in the Annals of the American Thoracic Society.

Children, especially the very young and those with diseases like asthma, can be more vulnerable to health effects from wildfires. “They breathe more air per minute compared to adults” to meet their physiological needs, says Marissa Hauptman, a pediatrician at Boston Children’s Hospital. That can add up to more exposure. And developing lungs “are more susceptible to injury,” she says. 

A developing fetus may also be at risk from exposure to PM2.5. In a 2012 study in Environmental Health Perspectives, Reid and colleagues reported a slight decrease in birth weight for infants from pregnancies that occurred during the 2003 wildfires in Southern California. Mothers exposed to smoke from Colorado wildfires during the second trimester were more likely to give birth prematurely, according to a 2019 study in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Infants born early or smaller than usual can face developmental delays.

What’s known about long-term health risks from wildfire smoke?

Not much. But a few studies provide some initial clues.

One examined how wildfires that scorched large areas of Indonesia in 1997 impacted health 10 years later. This population-wide study found that males and the elderly were worse off in 2007 for health measures such as lung function, the researchers reported in Economics & Human Biology in 2017.

In the United States, the wildfire smoke that plagued the Seeley Lake community in Montana in 2017 has parallels to the prolonged, hazardous exposures happening now in the West. The wildfires produced extremely high levels of PM2.5 from July 31 to September 18 that year; the daily average was 221 micrograms per cubic meter of air. Christopher Migliaccio, a respiratory immunology researcher at the University of Montana in Missoula, and his colleagues screened adults in the community right after the last day of increased smoke and two more times in each of the following two years.

Compared with members of a Montana community that hadn’t been exposed to the same levels of smoke, the participants from the Seeley Lake area had poorer lung function one and two years out, Migliaccio and his colleagues reported in Toxics in August. “I thought people might be worse right after,” he says, “but it’s a little bit of a delayed response.”

Migliaccio and colleagues had planned to screen the participants again this year, but COVID-19 got in the way. Eventually they hope to see whether, in participants that still have worse lung function, the condition is treatable or if it’s “the new normal.”

Can a mask protect you from wildfire smoke?

It depends on the type of mask. “Cloth masks, which are effective at preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [the virus that causes COVID-19] … don’t do anything to protect the wearer from exposure to wildfire smoke,” Balmes says (SN: 6/26/20). Surgical masks provide some protection. But “an N95 is the best protection.” N95 masks are designed to filter out at least 95 percent of airborne particles.

But N95 masks are in short supply, and those masks have not been certified for use by children as they don’t fit properly. So the best protection is to avoid exposure. “People should stay indoors as much as possible with the windows closed,” Balmes says.

How can people keep indoor air clean?

“If they have central ventilation, they should turn that to recirculation,” Balmes says. That can reduce the amount of smoke that enters the home. People can also use a High Efficiency Particulate Air, or HEPA purifier to smoke-proof a single room. And those who cannot afford a HEPA cleaner can put together a makeshift purifier using a MERV-13 furnace filter and a box fan, Balmes says. “They’re not as good as the proper devices, but they do provide some protection.”

People hunkered down indoors can also keep the air clear by not burning gas stoves or candles, or even vacuuming — which can stir up particles inside the home.

But some people don’t have a home to escape to. King County in Washington announced on September 11 the opening of a clean air shelter for people experiencing homelessness.

How else might wildfires be harming health?

The toll that the wildfires have on mental health could also be significant. The past month in the Pacific Northwest has brought images reminiscent of a science fiction novel: hazy, deep orange skies that sometimes completely obscured the sun, turning day to night.

Extreme wildfires, with the potential for long periods of time in which the air is a danger, can upend people’s lives and add to stress levels. One of the few respites to the COVID-19 pandemic — going out for a breath of fresh air — has been shut off for millions of people. And there are many that have no choice but to work or live outdoors, exposed to hazardous air. “There could be a psychological impact of that,” says Reid. “That needs to be explored.”

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ESOPHAGEAL CANCER DRUGS MARKET ANALYSIS

Esophageal cancer drugs are extensively used in the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and others types. More men are affected by esophageal cancer than women. Esophageal cancer is mostly observed in low-income countries. For instance, according to World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) International report of 2018, highest rate of esophageal cancer was found to be in Malawi, Mongolia, Kenya, and Bangladesh. Treatments such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted drug therapies are available for esophageal cancer. Some drugs are used in combinations and are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) such as XELIRI combinations of Capecitabine and Irinotecan Hydrochloride.

The global esophageal cancer drugs market size was valued at US$ 765.2 million in 2018 and is expected to witness a CAGR of 8.2% over the forecast period (2019 – 2027).

Global Esophageal Cancer Drugs Market Share (%) Analysis, By Therapy Type, 2018

Source: Coherent Market Insights Analysis (2019)

Increasing research & development and increasing prevalence of achalasia is expected to drive growth of the esophageal cancer drugs market

Increasing research and development and launches of novel products by key players are major factors that are expected to drive growth of the global esophageal cancer drugs market in the near future. Increasing research and development for new drug discovery for the treatment of esophageal cancer is expected to significantly drive growth of esophageal cancer drugs market size. For instance, in February 2019, researchers at Case Western Reserve University, U.S. found that by blocking two molecular pathways that send signals inside cancer cells could reduce esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), the most common esophageal malignancy in the U.S. These findings suggest JNK/TGF-beta-targeted therapy as a new treatment approach to treat esophageal cancer.

Furthermore, the major risk factors that leads to esophageal cancer include age, gender, tobacco, alcohol, Barrett's esophagus, obesity, and achalasia. These factors are expected to increase demand for esophageal cancer drugs over the forecast period. For instance, according to a study published in National Center for Biotechnology Information in 2017, achalasia patients have 50 times higher risk of incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma than the general population. The overall prevalence of achalasia is 9 to 10 in 100,000 people annually, worldwide.

Esophageal Cancer Drugs Market - Restraints

However, high cost of therapy for the treatment of esophageal cancer is expected to restraint the market growth. For instance, as per the report published in Healthday, in 2013, cancer patients paid US$ 207,000 per year for the treatment and medications while in 1995, the cost was US$ 54,100 per year.

Moreover, the side effects caused by esophageal cancer drugs are loss of appetite and weight loss, fatigue, diarrhea, hair loss, sore mouth, hand-foot syndrome, low blood cell counts, blood clots (deep vein thrombosis), nervous system damage, and heart damage. According to the 2017 report of the American Cancer Society (ACS), side effects of esophageal cancer drugs such as Cisplatin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel, and paclitaxel can cause major damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

Esophageal Cancer Drugs Market - Regional Insights

On the basis of region, the global esophageal cancer drugs market is segmented into North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa. North America is expected to hold a dominant position in the global esophageal cancer drugs market during the forecast period, owing to high prevalence of esophageal cancer in this region. For instance, the according to American Cancer Society’s report, it projected that around 17,650 new esophageal cancer cases will be diagnosed (13,750 in men and 3,900 in women) in the U.S. by 2019.

Asia Pacific is expected to witness rapid growth in the esophageal cancer drugs market during the forecast period, owing to rise in clinical trials conducted in Asian countries for novel drugs to treat esophageal cancer. For instance, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo started a clinical trial in December 2018, which evaluated the comparative study between combination therapy with induction DCF (docetaxel plus cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil) versus definitive chemo-radiotherapy for locally advanced carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus.

Global Esophageal Cancer Drugs Market Value (US$ Mn) & Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2016-2027

Source: Coherent Market Insights Analysis (2019)

Esophageal Cancer Drugs Market - Competitive Landscape

Key players operating in the global esophageal cancer drugs market include Amgen Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline Plc., Novartis AG, Johnson & Johnson, Gilead Sciences, Genentech, Inc., Sanofi-Aventis, and Merck & Co.

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Global Craniomaxillofacial Implants Market 2019: Applications, Specifications, Top Players Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Stryker, Depuy Synthes

Data Bridge Market Research has recently added a concise research on Global Craniomaxillofacial Implants Market to depict valuable insights related to significant market trends driving the industry. The report features analysis based on key opportunities and challenges confronted by market leaders while highlighting their competitive setting and corporate strategies for the estimated timeline. Some are the key & emerging players that are part of coverage and have being profiled are Braun Melsungen AG, General Implants GmbH, Rebstock Instruments GmbH¸ BIOPORE Surgical Implants, Poriferous, LLC, Osteotec Ltd., Johnson & Johnson, Anatomics Pty. Ltd. and Medical Vision Australia Holdings among others

Analysis of Global Craniomaxillofacial Implants Market report:

The Global Craniomaxillofacial Implants Market accounted for USD 1.92 billion in 2017 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.9% during the forecast period of 2018 to 2025. The upcoming market report contains data for historic years 2016, the base year of calculation is 2017 and the forecast period is 2018 to 2025.

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Definition:

Craniomaxillofacial implants are therapeutic implants used in the surgeries of maxillofacial parts like jaw, oral, heal, neck and others. These can be either set for all time or incidentally, which can be expelled when not required again. Its main purpose is to treat aesthetic, congenital disease and facial deformity or dislocations. One of the major factors contributing to the market is increasing number of road accidents as well as trauma cases. Hence, will drive the craniomaxillofacial implants market. For instance, according to Association for Safe International Road Travel (ASIRT), each year nearly 1.3 million people dies in road crashes, and an additional of 20-30 million gets disabled or injured. Another factor is raising awareness among consumer through various research programs for example International Society of Craniofacial Surgery (ISCFS) and American Society of Craniofacial Surgeons (ASCFS) conducting workshops and seminar to aware people regarding CMF surgeries.

Major Market Drivers and Restraints:

·         Increasing demand of minimally invasive reconstruction surgeries

·         More of improved and technological advanced products

·         Rising numbers of trauma cases and road accidents

·         Growing prevalence of numerous players, results towards expansion in emerging market

·         High Cost of Craniomaxillofacial Surgeries

·         Risk associated with the implant malfunction

Top Manufacturers Profiles Operating in the Global Craniomaxillofacial Implants Market:

Some of the major players in global craniomaxillofacial implants market are Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc., Stryker Corporation, Medartis Ag, KLS Martin, Matrix Surgical USA, Depuy Synthes, Osteomed L.P., Integra Life Sciences, Medtronic PLC, Calavera Surgical Design, B. Braun Melsungen AG, General Implants GmbH, Rebstock Instruments GmbH¸ BIOPORE Surgical Implants, Poriferous, LLC, Osteotec Ltd., Johnson & Johnson, Anatomics Pty. Ltd. and Medical Vision Australia Holdings among others.

Global Craniomaxillofacial Implants Market Segmentation:

·         The global craniomaxillofacial implants market is segmented based on type, material of construction, application site, property, and geographical segments.

·         Based on type, the global craniomaxillofacial implants market is segmented into mid-face implants, cranial/neuro implants, mandibular orthognathic implants, cranial flap fixation systems, bone graft substitute, dural repair product, total temporomandibular (TMJ) replacement, system, thoracic fixation systems, and distraction system. Mid-face implants are sub segmented into plates and screws. Cranial/neuro implants are sub segmented into plates, contourable meshes and screws. Mandibular orthognathic implants are sub segmented into plates and screws. Dural repair products are sub segmented into dural substitutes and dural sealants.

·         On the basis of material of construction, the global craniomaxillofacial implants market is segmented into calcium phosphate ceramics, titanium, alloys and other metals, and polymers or biomaterials.

·         On the basis of material of application site, the global craniomaxillofacial implants market is segmented into internal fixators, and external fixators.

·         On the basis of property, the global craniomaxillofacial implants market is segmented into resorbable fixators and non-resorbable fixators.

·         Based on geography, the global craniomaxillofacial implants market report covers data points for 28 countries across multiple geographies such as North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Middle East & Africa.

Competitive Landscape:

The global craniomaxillofacial implants market is consolidated due to the presence of limited number of players concentrated in few countries. These major players have adopted various organic as well as inorganic growth strategies such as mergers & acquisitions, new product launches, expansions, agreements, joint ventures, partnerships, and others to strengthen their position in this market.

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• The segment that is expected to dominate the market as well as the segment which holds highest CAGR in the forecast period

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• The latest developments, market shares, and strategies that are employed by the major market players

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Rapid Expansion Projected for Nebulizers Market by 2026

Nebulizers are drug delivery devices that are used to administer medicines in the form of a mist inhaled into the lungs.  This drug delivery method helps in the administration of drugs such as corticosteroids, bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications. Nebulizers are mainly used for patients suffering from asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases or disorders. It is much comfortable to use than other forms of ingested medicines, as it targets the respiratory area directly, thus reducing side effects and harm to other body organs and cells. Nebulizers are especially used for delivery of drug to breathing passages, reduce bulging of mucous membrane, to reduce irritation caused by pollutants and activate and thin out discharge. These devices are specially developed for adults and children who are not able to handle inhalers.

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The use of nebulizer depends on the illness for which it is designed to treat. Various considerations to be taken care of while using a nebulizer are as follows:

   The appropriate method of using the nebulizer

   Ways to keep the nebulizer clean for maximum safety and effectiveness

Nebulizers Market taxonomy:

On the basis of product type, the nebulizers market is classified into:

   Ultrasonic

   Pneumatic

   Mesh

Ultrasonic nebulizers include portable and standalone nebulizers.

Pneumatic nebulizers are further classified into:

   Breath Actuated nebulizers

   Vented nebulizers

Also, mesh nebulizers are also further classified into:

   Static type nebulizers

   Vibrating type nebulizers

Pneumatic nebulizers hold the major share in nebulizers market due to their ease of handling, efficient design and low cost.

On the basis of end user, the nebulizers market is classified into:

   Hospitals

   Clinics

   Ambulatory Surgical Centers

   Home Care Settings

Product innovation driving the preference for nebulizers in treating respiratory conditions

The advanced nebulizers that features aerosol drug delivery technology with minimal drug wastage is expected to drive the nebulizers market growth. Patients play a vigorous role in supervising their diseases by choosing for devices that assist them in diagnosis and treatment at the comfort of their own homes. This shift in patient preferences will strengthen the global nebulizer market growth scenario in the near future. Also the rise in respiratory cases form a major factor. According to World Health Organization (WHO), around 15.7 million people were reported with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in the U.S. in 2016 which showed a significant increase of 6.4% from 2015.

Nebulizers are also for a variety of diagnostic procedures among which the principal one is in diagnosis of lung function and bronchial activities. This has also added to the rise in demand for nebulizers in the market by the professionals for clinical use and monitoring of various associated respiratory disorders.

Medical reimbursement supporting the North America nebulizer market growth

There are guidelines laid for nebulizers which facilitates its proper usage. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and United HealthCare Services, Inc. have defined guidelines for the proper usage of nebulizers in different respiratory issues. In addition to that there are various reimbursement policies that fuel the growth of the market, for instance, policies by Medicaid & Healthcare Partnership in 2012 helped in the easy purchase of nebulizers. Under Hawaii Medical Service Association, in 2014, several cover plans were made for the easy purchases of small volume and large volume nebulizers.

Also, there exists a rental market for nebulizers that assists the usage of these devices in home care settings.

Since nebulization is a spraying technique, therefore the dispersion and wastage of the drug during delivery to the respiratory tract is one of the major restraint for the growth of nebulizers market. Moreover, low consumer switching cost and availability of alternative therapies increases the threat of substitute products.

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By geography, North America holds the major share in the global nebulizers market because of the availability of reimbursement and increasing incidence of respiratory diseases.

Key players in the global nebulizers market are GE Healthcare Ltd, Agilent Technologies, GF Health Products, Philips Healthcare CareFusion Corporation, PARI Respiratory Equipment, Covidien plc and Omron Healthcare Co. The players are undertaking various clinical trials and development activities in an endeavor to improve therapeutic effect of the drug. Theravance Biopharma and Mylan announced the initiation of phase 3 studies of revefenacin at the American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference in 2017. Revefenacin is a once-daily long acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) nebulized therapy. Development of such drugs intended to be delivered via nebulization will also support propelling the growth for nebulizers market. Also Vectura received FDA approval to start testing a smart technology of nebulizers to improve asthma therapies in children.

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